Incidence of ‘Slow Flow’ After Rotational Atherectomy of Calcified Arteries

Courtesy of Dr. José Álvarez

‘Slow flow’ may complicate a rotational atherectomy procedure, especially when done on severely and extensively calcified lesions and small caliber vessels. Although its incidence is between 3% and 27%, its cause remains unclear, and it is thought that platelet antiaggregation induced by burr rotation speed may be behind it.

The present study compares (randomizing slow vs. high speed rotational atherectomy) two ablation techniques associated with slow flow. 

Method: 100 patients with calcified coronary arteries were randomized 1:1 to low speed (140.000 rpm) vs. high speed (190.000 rpm) rotational atherectomy. Slow flow was defined as post ablation distal runoff TIMI flow < 2.

Results: slow flow incidence was 24% in both groups (P=1.00; odds ratio, 1.00; 95% CI 0.40–2.50). The different flow grades were similar in both groups (TIMI 3, 76%; TIMI 2, 14%; TIMI 1, 8%; TIMI 0, 2% for the low speed group, and TIMI 3, 76%; TIMI 2, 14%; TIMI 1, 10%; TIMI 0, 0% for the high speed group). The incidence of periprocedural infarction was also similar between the groups (6% vs 6%, P=1.00).

Conclusions

The authors were not able to find a relationship between post rotational atherectomy distal runoff alterations and the use of high or low speed ablation techniques.

Comment

Lesion length and the use of a low burr-to-vessel ratio are known to determine slow flow incidence post rotational atherectomy. In the present study, a low speed ablation technique, that in theory should induce less platelet antiaggregation, resulted no different than the high speed technique as regards slow flow.

We should bear in mind that all patients in the present trial were receiving dual antiaggregation therapy, that the total ablation time was no different between the groups, and that, in general, a low burr-to-vessel ratio was preferred; even so, 24% of patients presented this complication, which calls for further research on this matter.

Courtesy of Dr. José Álvarez

Original Title: The incidence of slow flow after rotational atherectomy of calcified coronary arteries. A randomized study of Low Speed Versus High Speed

Reference: Kenichi Sakamura MD, Hiroshi Funayama Md, Yosuke Taniguchi Md et al Cath Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 89:832-840

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