After four years of follow-up, the PRAGUE-17 study showed that appendage closure is non-inferior to direct anticoagulant agents (non-warfarin oral anticoagulants, NOAC) to prevent major neurological events, cardiovascular events, and bleeding events in patients at high risk of atrial fibrillation. Appendage studies were compared with warfarin studies—it was necessary to update anticoagulant agents and reach…