The recent publication of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines provided an important update on multiple aspects of the management of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, these guidelines differ in terms of management and recommendation levels. As it might be expected, most differences arose in intermediate cases—both guidelines…
What is Optimal Blood Pressure?
In the last 30 years, the clinical practice guidelines on both sides of the Atlantic have been lowering blood pressure thresholds. From the starting 160 mmHg systolic blood pressure to 130 mmHg or even 120 mmHg. In 2017, the American and the ACC/AHA guidelines were the first to lower said threshold, followed by the European…